Telangana Board Subject-wise Syllabus – Class 12 Physics: Master the Science of the Universe

Physics syllabus is split into two courses: Physics paper I (First year) and Physics paper II (Second year). The papers have 60 marks theory and 3 hours duration. The process of reading the two papers is critical in exam success.

✔ Physics Paper II (Class 12) Marks Distribution.

Component Marks

Theory Exam 60 marks

Practical Exam 40 marks

Total 100 marks

Minimum to Pass 35 marks overall

Syllabus Chapter by Chapter-Wise Complete Physics Paper II.

✔ Chapter 1: Waves - 8 Marks

The phenomenon of waves is the basis of sound, light and electromagnetic waves.

Key Topics:

Motion and type of waves (transverse and longitudinal).

Wave equation and speed

Principle of superposition

Waves and resonance Standing.

Beats phenomenon

Doppler effect in sound

Significant Formulas: Wave speed v =fl, Doppler effect equations, beat frequency formula.

Study issues on Doppler effect and standing waves extensively - they are regularly studied.

✔ Chapter 2: Ray Optics - 10 Marks

The chapter of high-weightage has covered light behavior in terms of reflection and refraction.

Core Concepts:

The laws of refraction and reflection.

Complete internal reflection and its applications.

Refraction through prisms

Instruments of the eye (microscope, telescope).

Lens maker's formula

Sign conventions Mirror and lens formulae.

Important Areas: Mirrors and lens Ray diagrams, formula derivation and solving problems numerically.

✔ Chapter 3: Wave Optics - 6 Marks

Learn the nature of light, as waves, using the effects of interference and diffraction.

Important Topics:

Huygen's principle

The experiment of double slit by Young.

Interference conditions

Diffraction and single slit experiment.

Determining the power of optical instruments.

Polarization of light

Constructive/destructive interference Master YDSE formula and conditions.

✔ Chapter 4: Electric Charges and Fields - 8 Marks.

History of the theory of electrification and electric fields.

Key Concepts:

Property Electric charge and conservation

Application of coulomb law and applications.

Lines and fields Electric field.

Dipole and dipole moment Electric.

Gauss's law and applications

Electric flux concept

Areas of focus: The numericals of Coulomb law, calculation of electric field and application of the Gauss law.

✔ Chapter 5: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance - 8 Marks.

Learn about electric field energy.

Core Topics:

Potential and potential difference Electric potential.

Potential Due to a point charge and dipole.

Equipotential surfaces

Capacitors and capacitance

Combination in series and in parallel.

Energy stored in capacitors

Exercises Problems with overarching combinations and energy calculations Practice extensively on capacitor combinations and energy calculations.

✔ Chapter 6: present electric current - 10 Marks.

This is another heavyweightage chapter that is vital to JEE/EAMCET!

Important Concepts:

Electrical resistance and Ohm law.

Conductivity and resistivity.

Kirchhoff's laws

Meter bridge and wheatstone bridge.

The principle and applications of potentiometers.

Heating effects and power

Skills of Excellence: Problem analysis of circuits, application of the Kirchhoff law and solving problems numerically.

✔ Chapter 7: Moving Charges and Magnetism - 6 Marks.

Know the correspondence between electricity and magnetism.

Key Topics:

Magnetism on the charges in motion.

Cyclotron and its working

Current carrying conductors as a source of magnetic field.

Ampere's circuital law

Interaction between parallel current carrying wires.

Torque on current loop

Concentrate on the Biot-Savart law and Ampere law.

✔ Chapter 8: Magnetism and Matter - 4 Marks.

Learn about the magnetism of materials.

Core Concepts:

Bar magnet properties

Earth's magnetism

Magnetic field lines

Dia, para and ferromagnetic substances.

Hysteresis loop

Know how to classify materials and how to behave magnetically.

✔ Chapter 9: Electromagnetic Induction - 8 Marks.

Generators and transformers are based on the breakthrough made by Faraday.

Important Topics:

The laws of electromagnetic induction of Faraday.

The law and energy conservation of Lenz.

Motional EMF

Self and mutual inductance

AC generator principle

Eddy currents

Induced EMF and inductance Prepare numerical problems on induced EMF and inductance.

✔ Chapter 10: Alternating current - 6 Marks

AC circuit is a subject necessary to understand practical applications.

Key Concepts:

AC voltage and current

Phasor diagrams

Circuits LCR (series and parallel).

Resonance in AC circuits

AC circuits Power in AC circuits (power factor)

Transformer working and efficiency.

Know how to do master phasor analysis/calculations of impedance.

✔ Chapter 11: Electromagnetic Waves 4 Marks.

Discover the ground breaking theory of electromagnetism by Maxwell.

Core Topics:

Displacement current

Maxwell's equations

Electromagnetic waves characteristics.

Electromagnetic spectrum

Wave velocity and energy

Get knowledge of spectrum separation and waves.

✔ Chapter 12: Dual Nature of Radiation- 6 Marks.

Junction of classical and modern physics.

Important Concepts:

Photoelectric effect and the equation of Einstein.

Wave of matter (de Broglie hypothesis)

Davisson-Germer experiment

Wave-particle duality

Get attention to numericals and conceptual questions of photoelectric effect.

✔ Chapter 13: Atoms and Nuclei - 8 Marks.

Essentials of modern physics with atomic structure.

Key Topics:

Atomic models (Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr).

Hydrogen spectrum

Nuclear properties

Laws of radioactivity and decay.

Energy Nuclear reactions.

Mass-energy equivalence

Exercise energy level change and radioactive decay issues.

Semiconductor Electronics - 6 Marks Chapter 14.

Findings in contemporary electronic devices.

Core Concepts:

There are intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors.

p-n junction diode

Rectifiers ( half-wave rectifier, full-wave rectifier)

Working and configurations of transistors.

Logic gates basics

Know principles of working of devices and V-I characteristics.

Marks Weightage Summary Chapter-wise.

Chapter Marks Difficulty Level

Ray Optics 10 Medium-High

Current Electricity 10 High

Waves 8 Medium

Electric Charges & Fields 8 Medium

Electrostatic Potential 8 Medium-High

EM Induction 8 High

Atoms & Nuclei 8 Medium

Wave Optics 6 Medium

Others (remaining chapters) 4-6 each Medium

✔ Exam Preparation Startegies

✅ Master Numerical Problem-Solving - Physics Numerical representation takes a lot of training. A minimum of 10-15 problems per chapter of different sources are to be solved.

✅ Know Derivations - Significant derivations of a formula are common as theory questions. Don't skip them.

✅ Prepare Formula Sheets - Pay attention to a thorough compilation of formulas to be revised in a hurry. Add conditions and conventions of signs.

✅ Practice Diagrams - Ray diagrams, circuit diagrams and set-ups of experiments should be drawn correctly and labeled properly.

✅ My First Idea - Before you can solve a problem, it is important that you first master the concepts of underlying physics.

✅ Connect Physics Paper I - There are a lot of topics in Class 12 based on the concepts of First Year. Check, revise.

✔ How Gradehunt helps in Physics Paper

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Practical exam guidance helps score maximum marks with proper observation recording, calculation methods, and viva preparation. Gradehunt's comprehensive approach ensures Physics becomes your strongest scoring subject!

✔ Common Mistakes to Avoid

✅ Formula Misapplication – Understanding when to use which formula is crucial. Don't apply blindly.

✅ Skipping Units – Always write SI units in numerical answers. Missing units lose marks.

✅ Poor Diagram Quality – Draw neat, labeled diagrams with proper instruments.

✔ Exam Day Success Tips

✅ Start with Strong Chapters – Begin with topics you're most confident about to secure marks quickly.

✅ Show Complete Working – Write all steps, formulas used, substitutions, and final answers clearly.

✅ Verify Dimensions – In numerical problems, dimensional analysis helps catch errors.

✅ Time Management – Allocate approximately 3 minutes per mark. Stick to schedule strictly.

✔ Your Physics Mastery Journey Starts Now

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