CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus 2026-27: Full Breakdown

1

Solutions

Types of solutions, concentration expressions (mole fraction, molarity, molality), solubility of gases in liquids, Raoult's law, ideal/non-ideal solutions, colligative properties (relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure), Van’t Hoff factor, abnormal molecular mass.

2

Electrochemistry

Electrochemical cells, redox reactions, Galvanic cells, electrode potential, Nernst equation, conductance (specific and molar), cell constant, Kohlrausch’s Law, electrolysis, Faraday's laws, corrosion mechanisms.

3

Chemical Kinetics

Rate of reaction, average and instantaneous rate, factors affecting rate (temperature, concentration, catalyst, surface area), order and molecularity, integrated rate equations (zero and first order), Arrhenius equation, activation energy, collision theory.

4

The d- and f-Block Elements

Properties of transition elements, electronic configuration, oxidation states, magnetic behavior, complex formation, catalytic properties, preparation and uses of KMnO₄ and K₂Cr₂O₇, lanthanides vs. actinides.

5

Coordination Compounds

Werner’s theory, primary and secondary valency, IUPAC nomenclature, isomerism (geometrical, optical, linkage), bonding (VBT, introduction to CFT), stability of coordination compounds, applications in biological systems (hemoglobin, chlorophyll).

6

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Classification and nomenclature, nature of C-X bond, preparation (from alcohols, halogen exchange), reactions (nucleophilic substitution—SN1 and SN2), stereochemistry, environmental effects (DDT, freons).

7

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Nomenclature, preparation of alcohols and phenols, physical properties, reactions (oxidation, dehydration, esterification), acidity of phenol, electrophilic substitution, Williamson synthesis, ether uses.

8

Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Nomenclature and structure of carbonyl group, preparation (from alcohols, acids), nucleophilic addition reactions, oxidation, reduction, aldol condensation, reactivity of α-hydrogen, acidity of carboxylic acids.

9

Amines

Classification, structure, IUPAC names, preparation (reduction of nitro compounds, Gabriel synthesis), properties, basicity, identification of 1°, 2°, 3° amines, diazonium salts and their importance in dye synthesis.

10

Biomolecules

Classification and structures of carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, starch), proteins (levels of structure, denaturation), enzymes (mechanism, characteristics), vitamins (types and functions), nucleic acids (DNA and RNA structure), and hormones (functions and types).