CBSE Class 12 Maths Syllabus 2026-27: A Detailed Overview
Updated for 2026-27: this guide follows the CBSE senior secondary curriculum listed for 2026-27 on cbseacademic.nic.in. Some subject PDFs there still carry a 2025-26 label inside, so check the official PDF for your subject before you finalise your plan.
Mathematics in Class 12 continues to shape the logical and analytical thinking skills necessary for higher studies and competitive exams. The syllabus is designed to build core competencies across various mathematical domains and promote real-world problem-solving skills.
Practising past papers is the best way to use this syllabus. Gradehunt’s CBSE Class 12 Maths test series gives you chapter-wise and full-syllabus papers with detailed evaluation, so you know where you lose marks before the board exam.
Syllabus Table in Detail
Each unit is designed to enhance problem-solving skills, logical reasoning, and analytical thinking—skills that are essential for board exams as well as competitive entrance tests like JEE.
| Unit number | Unit Title | Key Topics and Subtopics |
|---|---|---|
1. | Relations and Functions | Types of relations: reflexive, symmetric, transitive, equivalence; one-to-one and onto functions; composition and invertibility; binary operations. |
2. | Inverse Trigonometric Functions | Definition, domain and range, principal value branches, graphs, and elementary properties |
3. | Matrices | Types of matrices, operations, transpose, symmetric/skew-symmetric, inverse of a matrix, applications in solving linear equations. |
4. | Determinants | Properties, minors and cofactors, adjoint, inverse of matrix, area of triangle, solving system of linear equations. |
5. | Continuity and Differentiability | Chain rule, implicit functions, exponential/logarithmic differentiation, parametric differentiation, second-order derivatives, Rolle’s and Lagrange’s theorems. |
6. | Applications of Derivatives | Rate of change, monotonicity, tangents and normals, maxima and minima, approximation. |
7. | Integrals | Indefinite integrals, methods (substitution, partial fractions, by parts), definite integrals, Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, properties. |
8. | Applications of the Integrals | Area under curves (line, parabola, ellipse in standard form), area between two curves. |
9. | Differential Equations | General and particular solutions, formation, solution by separation of variables, homogeneous and linear types. |
10. | Vectors | Direction ratios/cosines, vector algebra, scalar and vector products, geometric interpretation. |
11. | Three-dimensional Geometry | Lines and planes in space, angle between lines/planes, shortest distance, distance from point to plane. |
12. | Linear Programming | Concepts, constraints, feasible regions, optimization, graphical solution for two-variable problems. |
13. | Probability | Conditional probability, Bayes' theorem, random variables, mean and variance, binomial distribution. |
Conclusion
This syllabus builds a strong bridge between school-level mathematics and higher-level applications in engineering, economics, computer science, and statistics. Each unit is carefully sequenced to develop both theoretical understanding and practical problem-solving ability. With consistent practice and clarity in concepts, students will be well-prepared for board exams and competitive entrance tests.